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Tsukuba-class cruiser
The were a pair of large armored cruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the first decade of the 20th century. Construction began during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 and their design was influenced by the IJN's experiences during the war. The British development of the battlecruiser the year after was completed made her and her sister ship obsolete, as they were slower and more weakly armed than the British, and later German, ships. Despite this, they were reclassified in 1912 as battlecruisers by the IJN.
Both ships played a small role in World War I as they unsuccessfully hunted for the German East Asia Squadron in late 1914. They became training ships later in the war. ''Tsukuba'' was destroyed in an accidental magazine explosion in 1917 and subsequently scrapped. Her sister was disarmed in 1922 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty and broken up for scrap in 1924.
==Background==
About a month after the Russo-Japanese War began in February 1904, the Japanese Diet authorized a temporary special budget of ¥48,465,631 that would last until the end of the war. It included the 1904 War Naval Supplementary Program which authorized construction of two battleships and four armored cruisers, among other ships. Two of the latter became the ''Tsukuba''-class cruisers which were ordered on 23 June.〔Itani, Lengerer & Rehm-Takahara, pp. 53–54〕
Based on the experience at the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904 where the Russians opened fire at ranges well beyond what had been anticipated before the war, the IJN decided to arm the ships with guns, which outranged the smaller guns used by the existing Japanese armored cruisers.〔 The increase in armament was also justified by a change in the IJN's doctrine for these ships in which they were now intended to participate in the line of battle and overpower the enemy's screening armored cruisers.〔Itani, Lengerer & Rehm-Takahara, p. 55〕 The ''Tsukuba''s were "briefly the world's most powerful cruisers in service until the completion of the first true battlecruisers, the British ".〔Evans & Peattie, p. 159〕 They were also the first capital ships to be designed and constructed entirely by Japan in a Japanese shipyard.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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